有的被动语态为啥不用be

文/神峰
专题:

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,是动词的一种特殊形式。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。被动语态的be在一般情况下都是不可以省略的。但是在前置定语修饰的时候或后置的定语从句中是可以省略的。

被动语态不用be的情况

一、被动语态不用be的情况

1.前置定语修饰的时候

The broken glass.破碎的杯子。

2.后置的定语从句中省略be动词

The man() given a praise is my uncle.被表扬的那个男人是我的叔叔。

省略的部分是“Which is be”。

二、被动语态

1.构成

(1)助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

(2)情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

2.特殊用法

(1)不及物动词无被动语态。如:happen, break down, come out......

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

(2)有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如: write, sell, ride.....

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

(3)感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。

make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

(4)如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

(5)一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

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