专题:
现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。下面是2021年12月英语四级翻译预测及译文，供参考！
2021年12月英语四级翻译预测及译文
英语四级翻译预测一：
随着世界人口越来越密集(densely populated),空气污染已经成了严重的问题。空气污染主要来源于四个主要的人类活动领域：工业、能源业、交通运输业以及农业。经营工厂,为火车、飞机和公共汽车提供动力都需要能源。几乎所有这些能源都是通过燃烧燃料产生的,这就会造成空气污染。科学家们正在研究能减少环境破坏的新发电方式。增强的公共环保意识使诸如回收利用(recycling)等活动产生。
英语四级翻译预测译文：
As the world is getting more and more denselypopulated,air pollution has become a severeproblem.
Air pollution mainly derives from four majorhuman activity sectors:industry,energy,transportation andagriculture.
Energies are needed to run factories,to power trains,planes and buses.
Nearly all ofthese energies are produced by burning fuels,which would cause air pollution.
Scientists arestudying new ways of generating electricity that can be less damaging to the environment.
Theincreased public environmental awareness has led to the advent of activities such as recycling.
英语四级翻译预测二：
中国城市化
原文：中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临 着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提 供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供应将会 成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化 社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。
英语四级翻译预测译文：
Urbanization
China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.
英语四级翻译预测三：
空巢老人
原文：通常情况下，“空巢老人(emptynester)”是指子女离家后的中老年人。如今，随着社会老龄化程度的加深，空巢老人越来越多，已经成为～个不容忽视的社会问题(social issue)。同时它也导致了另一个问题——家庭空巢综合征(syndrome)的产生，是指当子女由于工作、学习、结婚等原因而离家后，独守空巢的中老年人因此而产生的心理失调症状。
英语四级翻译预测译文：
The Emptynester
Typically, "empty nester" refers to the middle-aged and elderly people whose children have left home.Nowadays, along with the advance of aging of the society, there are more and more empty nesters, which have become a social issue that cannot be ignored.At the same time, it also leads another problem--empty nest syndrome--a psychological disorder the middle-aged and elderly people suffered, which is caused by the absence of their children who move out of home due to work, study, marriage and so on.
英语四级翻译作答技巧
（一）分句、合句法
很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。
（二）转句译法
汉语复句英译时，可以按照汉语复句原有的句内关系进行翻译。但如果按汉语顺序翻译，出现诸如不符合英语行文习惯、句内成分关系不明确等情况，则可以修改全句句型，使译文更加通畅。这就是转句译法。
（三）换序译法
指在翻译过程中对语序进行的转换调整。语序是指句子成分的排列次序。汉语是分析型的语言，语序比较固定；而英语则是分析、综合参半的语言，语序既有固定的一面，又有灵活的一面。英语和汉语在基本语序上大同小异。相同的是主语、谓语和宾语的位置，不同的是状语和定语的位置。所以，在汉译英时，必须考虑到英语读者的思维习惯，适当地将译文的语序进行转换调整。