英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。
英语虚拟语气语法总结
第一类
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。
第二类
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
2.if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同
3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示"宁愿做什么"
4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同
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第三类
从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
1. 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2. 表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command
请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
督促urge提议move, vote
希望desire坚持insist
打算intend安排arrange
3. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
第四类
It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)
第五类
表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。
第六类
在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。
1）由that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）
2）由would that引导的句子（表示但愿）
3）由to think引导的句子（表示没想到）
虚拟语气高考真题及答案
1.(北京卷)34. We ___ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A. are B. were C. will be D. would be
2.(福建卷)32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been 3.(湖南卷)22.If Mr. Dewey __ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was 4.(陕西卷)23. We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and
she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
5.(天津卷)15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught
6.(浙江卷 )16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ___ to our help.
A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come 7.(重庆卷)13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I __ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
8.(重庆)29. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ___
A. hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. don't
9. (安徽)28. I ___to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone
10.(辽宁)31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ___ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk 11(陕西)21. The children___ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the
lakeside camp as scheduled.
A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get 12. (四川)5. —Why are your eyes so red?
You have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 13. (北京)34. If we___ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
14, (福建)30. ----Do you think George has passed the driving test? ----No. If so, he ____ his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven 15. (江苏)30. I should not have laughed if I ___you were serious. A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought
16. (陕西)12. My mom suggests that we___ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would 17. (天津)14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ___able to speak it much better now.
A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been
18. (浙江)8. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ___ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
19. (浙江)Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
20.(天津)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered
21.(江西)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A. may not B. needn't C. can’t D. mustn't 22.(安徽) Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live
24. (湖南)Sorry, I am too busy now, if I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 25.(江苏)— Happy birthday! C. wouldn't D. mightn't —Thank you! It’s the best present I _ for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished 26.(山东)If we ___ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A. haven't made B. wouldn't make C. didn't make D. hadn't made
27.(北京)We ___ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 28.(北京)Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
29.(福建)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
答案：
1-5：DABCD
6-10：AAADD
11-15：AADCC
16-20：ABBDD
21-25：BDDDD
26-29：DCBD