能够引导非限制性定语从句的连接词有:which,who,whom,where,when,as等,其中最常见的就是which和as。
由as,which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:
1、As weknow, smoking is harmful to one's health.
如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
2、The sunheats the earth, which is very important to us.
太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。
【特别提示】as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以做主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
1、as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
2、as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
who引导
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.
我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,是一位优秀的厨师。
My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.
我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。
whom引导
关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句首。
如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。
Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西。
whose引导
whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。
如:The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
这个男孩,他的爸爸是一位工程师,学习很努力
which引导
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句,中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
when引导
关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。
如:He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
他将把郊游推迟到5月1号,那时他将有空。
where引导
副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。
如:They went to London,where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦,在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
as引导
as引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行说明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。